Imply vs. Infer How to Choose the Right Word

The verbs imply and infer are easily confused because their meanings are closely associated. Put simply, a writer or speaker implies (or suggests) something; a reader or listener infers (or deduces). In a sense, these two words can be thought of as the opposite sides of a single coin, writes Adrienne Robins in The Analytical Writer. Imply means to indicate without stating or to express indirectly. Infer means to draw a conclusion. Thus, what a writer may imply, a reader may infer. How to Use Imply To imply is to express something indirectly. If youre implying something in a conversation, you may be trying to talk about a difficult issue very delicately. Youre circumventing it, hoping that your audience will pick up on your meaning without your having to give a lot of uncomfortable details or explicit descriptions. Maybe youre in a group and want to say something so that only one person in the group truly understands it, so you send a veiled message. Or you could be saying one thing with words, but your actions or facial expressions could be telling a different story, implying the truth or your real feelings on the subject. You imply when you imbue your words with extra meaning thats not explicitly said. It doesnt just have to be in conversation. It can be crafted in writing as well through figurative language and carefully chosen phrasing, just as in spoken conversation. How to Use Infer When you infer, you do just the opposite of implying. You pick up on the message hidden between the lines, so to speak. You deduce a subtle meaning from the metaphor, allegory, or symbolism in a story you are reading. Or you read the body language cues a person is giving you to come to a conclusion. For example, a glance at a clock and a raised eyebrow from your spouse during a family gathering might mean, Can we leave this party now? Im bored. You make an educated guess based on the available data. Examples Here are a few examples that show the differences in meanings behind the two words: The manager implied that I was a bad risk.I inferred from her remarks that she thought I was lazy.Im sorry that what I said implied a negative opinion about her artwork. I just wasnt sure what to think at the moment.If researchers infer conclusions from bad survey data, an entire study might have to be redone because it is not accurate. How to Remember the Difference It can be challenging to keep similar words straight. Try this trick with imply and infer: Look at the words alphabetically. Imply comes before infer. The coded message that someone implies needs to come first, before the receiver can decode it and infer its meaning. Practice Exercise Give this practice exercise a go to make sure that youve got the concept: The reporters _____ in this article that an employee started the fire in the furniture store.I _____ from the article that the police have a suspect. Answers The reporters  imply  in this article that an employee started the fire in the furniture store.I  infer  from the article that the police have a suspect. Sources Groves, R. M., et al. Survey Methodology. Wiley, 2009, p. 39.Robins, Adrienne. The Analytical Writer: A College Rhetoric, 2nd ed. Collegiate Press, 1996, p. 548.Wasco, Brian. Imply vs. Infer. The Write at Home Blog, 8 Feb. 2012.

Glanbias Internal and External Environment - 3190 Words

The Organisational Domain and The External Environment An organisation’s domain is its chosen environmental field of action. It is the territory that the organisation stakes out for itself with regard to products, services and markets served. This is also strongly affected by the organisation’s external environment. The external environment incorporates all the elements that exist outside the boundary of the organisation and have the potential to affect all or part of the organisation. Task Environment: The task environment includes external sectors with which the organisation interacts with directly and that have a direct impact on the organisation’s capability to accomplish its objectives. Some of these sectors include: Industry†¦show more content†¦Glanbia are mostly affected, however, by taxation, laws and regulations. Their corporate taxation planning and compliance is managed centrally in order to ensure that it is carried out correctly and efficiently. Group operations in processing, distribution, packaging and labelling of food are governed by extensive legislation, regulation, codes of practice and guidance. The Group conforms fully to international and local food safety, quality and environmental regulations and employs best practice across all of its production facilities to maintain the highest of standards. Sociocultural Sector: This sector includes age, values, beliefs, education, religion, work ethic, consumer and green movements. In relation to Glanbia, however, the most relevant aspect of this sector is the environment and green movements. â€Å"The Group is subject to strict and developing environmental laws and regulations which could result in an increase in the cost of achieving compliance that might impact the Groups operational or financial performance. However, the inclusion of environmental and sustainability objectives and risk management as part of the Groups overall business strategy, together with a commitment to continuous improvement ensures that Glanbia is ahead of evolving environmental standards. Energy efficiency programmes are also operated

Financial Analysis And Research Of Mutual Fund - 1832 Words

Financial Analysis and Research of Mutual Fund GCEQX The purpose analyses is based on the Green Century Funds. In this mutual fund involves with the environment and has organized with other companies to help the environment. How to support the environment stablility. This will be the reason the investors would use the funds to help society and will be on climate change. The overview of this paper us the GCEQX has a long-term total return, which involves in stocks. The fund uses the environmental, social, government standards to make earth a better way to live. Above all, it would help so many companies. Last, they use the Fossil Fuels Index which contributes oil, gas, and coil. The SRI/BRI mutual fund reviewed is based on the social†¦show more content†¦The Green Century fund involves with going green and they use private companies. Maybe the companies cannot agree to the measure of the standards. The screening process will be the environmental positive impact which includes engineered organisms (GMO), and others. They try to decrease the negative environmental impact for the fossil fuels companies. The rate of return of the GCEQX for five years at 11.04% and for ten years is 6.18%, since inception rates to June 3, 1991. The SP 500 Index for the 5-years are 11.58% and 10-years are 7.01%. To compare with GCEQX and the SP 500 Index are decreasing through those years, but the SP 500 Index is higher in percentage than the Green Century Equity Fund. The Fidelity Spartan 500 Index Fund Class Inv (FUSEX) with the five year return rate of 10.92% and for the ten years is 6.84% and comparing to the mutual fund the percentage is still higher. It is shown in Appendix A as a chart for the comparison. Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund Investor Shares (VFTSX) has a five year of rate of return are 12.27% and for the ten years are 6.44% and the comparison to the Green Century Equity Fund will be less than the social index fund. For both the five and ten years rate of return are in the 1% of total returns. The mutual fund collaborates with other companies that include in the environment for example Fossil Fuels Index. The mutual fund makes â€Å"about 360 stocks† is greater than the 30 stocks with this

What Causes People From The Others - 957 Words

What causes people to cyberbully others? Facebook. Twitter. LinkedIn. Myspace. YouTube. Flickr. These are all social networking sites and they’re all part of what is at present known as social media. Ever since the creation of social media had occurred there have been another type of bullying that’s in our everyday life. The study from the cyberbullying research center, shows 20.4 percent of females of middle school reported to be the victim pf cyberbullying at least once at the age of 11-18, compared to 14 percent of male children, in a 2010 survey. (cyberbullying) The ones who get cyberbullied can encounter emotional distress, including outrage, disappointment, shame, pity, fear, and depression. It might meddle with their capacity to perform schoolwork. At times, it might make them change schools. Cyberbullying has additionally been connected to wrongdoing and viciousness, substance misuse, ownership of weapons on school grounds, and suicide. Why do people cyberbully others? â€Å"Cyberbullying is the use of the Internet, cell phones, or other electronic communication devices to spread harmful or embarrassing information about another person.† (cyberbullying) The methods of cyberbullying are used in many forms, it can start by making up rumors about the victims, sending photos without their consent, making sexual remarks, and also most of the time threaten the victim’s life. The victims are likely to be aimed at females rather than males. The extreme cases that would endure theShow MoreRelated Is Media Violence To Blame? Essay528 Words   |  3 Pageseliminate violence in the media. Although, many think media violence is a cause of violence among children, they should be looking at what else causes violence. Many people believe media violence is not good and that it makes kids aggressive. 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Why Prohibition Failed to Control American Alcohol Consumption Free Essays

A single sketchy light flickers in a dark room. The smell of pure, hard liquor (most likely moonshine), permeates the air. Screams, laughter, shattering glass, and the freshly-made whiskey are shared by all in the dingy lair–until a stern knock cuts through the noise, silencing and destroying the night. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Prohibition Failed to Control American Alcohol Consumption or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was this scenario and countless others like it that defined American Prohibition, also known as â€Å"The Noble Experiment†, a ban on any intoxicating beverage from 1920 to 1933. Reasons Prohibition was enacted was to correct corruption and reduce prison numbers, solve social unrest, lower taxes, and improve hygiene and health of the people. However, Prohibition ultimately failed in its attempt to control the behavior and vices of its citizens. One particular issue that arose from Prohibition was that it fostered corruption; poor, young immigrants gradually morphed into mobs and general crime became organized. Extensive crime syndicates solidified and what is now colloquially known as the â€Å"Mafia† formed. The public had nowhere else to turn but these bootleg distilleries (dubbed â€Å"speakeasies†), because the method of getting in was a password–and by the end of Prohibition, over one million gallons of liquor had been bootlegged and brought into the United States alone. Not only had organized crime increased, but most crimes in general did, too. In addition to distilling alcohol illegally, police budgets in the period of Prohibition had increased by 11. 4 million dollars (adjusted for today’s inflation, more than 140. 5 million dollars). Total federal expenditures on penal institutions increased by a whopping 1000%. Homicides, civil unrest, the prison population, and Prohibition violations had actually increased during Prohibition. The demand for alcohol and the elimination of the public’s legal supply ultimately played a large part in the spike in crime during this era. Besides the fact that crime multiplied uncontrollably, Prohibition was also practically unenforceable. Interestingly enough, the act of drinking in itself was not banned, rather, only sale and distribution. Bootleggers outnumbered police officers and enforcement became laughably lax in some areas of the United States. The 21 Club, a popular speakeasy in New York City, had been raided many times by police, but the owners were never caught. Many American immigrants viewed liquor not as a vice but as an integral cultural component. Smuggling and bootlegging were in full swing, and by 1927 the number of speakeasies was twice the number of legal bars pre-Prohibition. The Volstead Act itself (the enabling legislation for Prohibition) allowed the sale and production of wine at home and for religious purposes, allowing for vineyards to sell grapes and concentrate for people to make their own wine at home. The contents of the law was full of loopholes that were often exploited, such as whiskey prescription for medical reasons. The Prohibition saw a sharp increase in prescriptions written for patients that called for alcohol. Prohibition had also decimated the alcohol-production industry, particularly that of winemaking. As mentioned previously, winemakers had to find loopholes and crafty ways to bypass the law. Many went out of business due to the fact that any alcohol over 0. 5% was banned, and most wines had about a 13% alcohol content. Wine for sacramental purposes was allowed, and people who acted as imposters of church figures obtained wine through this alternative route. Lack of support was widespread and only increased as Prohibition went on. The increase of chaos, loss of businesses, and most of all crime only caused any original support for the law to dwindle. Finally, at 3:32 p. m. on December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment was ratified, effectively nullifying the 18th Amendment and repealing Prohibition. As the Roaring Twenties came to a close, the United States of America saw that the tax revenue generated by legal sale of alcohol would help take the edge off of the financial burden that came with the Great Depression. In conclusion, Prohibition in the United States is generally known as an unsuccessful experiment in enforcing morality in legislation. Illegal distilleries and speakeasies (establishments for illegally purchasing alcohol) broke out and encouraged the spread of crime. The Mafia was established as poor immigrants who found an easy way to make a great deal of money by selling alcohol to those in desperate want of it. Countless loopholes were exploited and enforcement of the laws, over time, decreased steeply. Despite the conviction by Congress that going dry would help the United States cut down on alcoholism and crime, Prohibition ended up doing the exact opposite. Overall, lack of support, increase in crime, unenforceability, and necessity of alcohol in society during the 1920s caused the ultimate downfall and failure of the American Prohibition. CITATIONS (sorry that this version does not have them inline): http://www. cato. rg/publications/policy-analysis/alcohol-prohibition-was-failure http://www. albany. edu/~wm731882/organized_crime1_final. html http://www. westegg. com/inflation/infl. cgi http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm? HHID=441 http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1655505/pdf/calwestmed00210-0040b. pdf http://library. thinkquest. org/04oct/00492/Why_It_Did_Not_Work. htm http://www. netplaces. com/wine-guide/a-brief-history-of-wine/prohibition-wipes-out-an-industry. htm http://history. howstuffworks. com/american-history/prohibition. htm How to cite Why Prohibition Failed to Control American Alcohol Consumption, Papers

DC Design is Automobile Customizing †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the DC Design is Automobile Customizing. Answer: Introduction DC design is an automobile customizing company founded by Dilip Chhabria in 1983. The automobiles are highly priced such that even the founder cannot customize his own car (Chhabrria, 2016). It is located in India. The company rose very fast in the market due to the quality design of cars they provide and is currently one of the most famous automobiles manufacturing company in India. They customize both interior and exterior of the cars to provide the best cars. They deal with a variety of cars which are luxurious and meant for the rich in the society hence their market is mainly the high-end people in society such as movie stars. The market they are targeting to work with is manufactures of automobiles locally and international manufacturers(Chhabria, 2018). The market niche targeted by these designers is to provide buyers with something that car manufacturers are not able to provide hence customization. They work with the worlds best car manufacturers such as Ford and Renault. The Business canvas model of DC designers Key Partners This building block describes where a company outsources some of its activities. Dc designers have partnerships with big marketing agencies in America which help in marketing their cars to improve sales. Customer relationships This block describes how the business ensures a good and lasting relationship with customers. To acquire customers, DC designers offer free trials before purchasing a vehicle to show the vehicles are high quality and ensure customer loyalty after they buy the cars. Value proposition Value proposition represents the group of products that build value for a particular section of customers that will make them buy from the company and not any other. DC designers specially customize their cars for luxury. This attracts the rich in the society who want and are able to live luxurious lives. Customer Segments This segment is very important since customers are very important and first priority of the business.(Cummings, 2011) The business mainly deals with high-end people in the society, therefore they have marked their customers such as celebrities Vivek Oberoi and Sanjay Dutt who they have done several projects for them. Key Activities This block in the business model describes all activities that a business carries out to effectively operate. DC automobile design carries out activities such as marketing, consultancy and creating partnerships so as to perform efficiently. Key resources Key resources building block describes what a business should have to be able to operate in general. DC designers need manufactured cars or spare parts to be able to customize the cars (dcdesigners, 2018). Revenue streams Revenue streams represent the money that the company gets from sales. To design high-end automobiles, the design company gets almost $1 million from a customer(Chhabria, Dilip Chhabria: Tapping into Indias Promise as a Global Hub for Car Design, 2015). Cost structure DC designers incur a huge cost that comes from their activities, resources, customer satisfaction and all other elements that form the business. Channels This building block explains how the company tries to reach its customers or suppliers. When DC designers were founded social media was not readily available, so they had to reach their customers physically to advertise their cars. These days, they work with marketing agencies which assist in marketing and also advertise on their own on social media such as Facebook. The relationship across the nine building blocks A business canvas model is a model that explains how a business ensures value of the products and services they provide, the key partnerships that enable value to the business, key resources that are used to achieve value, costs involved in the business, the key activities carried out to facilitate operations in the business, how the business gets revenue and the relationship the business has with its customers(Hossain, 2014). All the nine building blocks in the business model are correlated. A business has different customer segment and strives to satisfy each segment which is value proposition through customer relationships such that the customers remain loyal to the business. Channels are used by the business to ensure different segments of customers are satisfied and attended to. Value proposition and good customer relations help to generate revenue. Key resources are required to ensure value proposition. By doing certain activities with partners using the key resources, the busi ness is able to generate revenue. The entire business model shows where the costs incurred in the business come from(Bravanov, 2011). The commitment of the top executive is very crucial for success(Atuluku Achendu, 2017). Dilip Chhabria who is the CEO of DC design should lead other leaders and ensure they are committed to the business. This will ensure that the executives manage the employees well and attend to their needs. Their commitment should be true enough to even work together with employees in designing and customizing quality cars. This will also motivate the workforce making them be committed to the business hence promoting its growth and development which will, in turn, ensure sustainability. Partnerships help a business to get new ideas and also improve their market. For DC car design to be successful and ensure sustainability in the market, they should form partnerships. These partnerships should be with different kinds of companies which would help the business to grow. They already have partnerships with several marketing agencies in different parts of the world who assist them in marketing. This has expanded their market internationally. Despite that, the business should also establish partnerships with similar businesses such as Avanti which are already established in the market. This will assist in getting skills and technique of remaining relevant in the market hence ensuring sustainability. In order to ensure success and sustainability, DC car design should phase their activities. The first phase is always how the employees are treated in the business and conserving the environment through activities such as reducing pollution by fuels. These activities focus on people, with a good environment and motivated workers, the sustainability of the business is assured. The second phase is introducing activities that will ensure continuity of the business such recycling wastes. The third phase is outsourcing activities such as partnerships which will also contribute to sustainability(Atuluku Uchendu, 2017). Engaging employees in business activities It is important for the business to always engage their employees in activities going on through communication. When employees are engaged, they become more productive since they feel as if they are part of the business (Perkins Serafeim, 2012). This will also make it easier for them to communicate in case they have any problems and also promote teamwork. The top executives should communicate to employees about the businesss sustainability goals and engage them in activities that help ensure sustainability. Downside risk describes a worst-case scenario in a business whereby the value of investment drops hugely. This is caused by huge losses in the business whereby the returns of the business are constantly lower than expected such that it causes the entire investment to fail (Chong Michaels, 2012). Poor management of funds may also cause downside risk. When managers and other executives in the business start to misappropriate and embezzle funds, there will be huge losses in the business that cannot be recovered causing the entire investment to fail(Investopedia, 2018). Conclusion DC design is a high-end business which has a huge opportunity of growing due to the great demand of luxurious sports cars among the rich since they are a clear pointer to someones social status. With proper management from the executives, they can be a multi-billion company in one decade. If DC cars design was my business, I will make certain changes to the business model to ensure growth and sustainability of the business. With the partnership, I will do more partnerships not only with the companies that will help in marketing and supply of cars but also other businesses such as Avanti which is the fastest company in India selling customized sports cars(The Hindu, 2016) This is also due to the fact that DC design is trying to imitate or do activities they are doing. This will raise more ideas for the business which main cause growth and ensure sustainability. To ensure more revenue, I will also venture into car manufacturing alongside customizing cars. This will ensure reduced costs on buying cars and also the business can earn from simply selling the manufactured cars. References Atuluku, A., Achendu, J. (2017). Critical Success Factors for Business Sustainability. Retrieved from https://sustyvibes.com/critical-success-factors-business-sustainability/ Atuluku, A., Uchendu, J. (2017). Critical Success Factors for Business Sustainability. Retrieved from https://sustyvibes.com/critical-success-factors-business-sustainability/ Bravanov, D. (2011, May 28). 10 thoughts on The 9 Building Blocks of a Business Model . Retrieved from https://thestartuptoolkit.com/ Chhabria, D. (2015, Feb 21). Dilip Chhabria: Tapping into Indias Promise as a Global Hub for Car Design. (India Knowledge@Wharton, Interviewer) Chhabrria, D. (2016, March 24). Why Dilip Chhabria cant afford to customize his own cars. (The Hindu, Interviewer) Chong, J., Michaels, P. (2012). Measuring risk for the cost of capital: The downside beta approach. Journal of Corporate Treasury Management, 346347. Cummings, D. (2011, May 28). The 9 Building Blocks of a Business Model. Retrieved from https://davidcummings.org/2011/05/28/the-9-building-blocks-of-a-business-model/ do designers. (2018). DC design. Retrieved from https://dcdesign.co.in/ Hossain, M. (2014, July 2). Business Development Model of Canvas: The 9 Building Block Approach. Retrieved from https://iammoulude.wordpress.com/2014/07/02/business-development-model-of-canvas-the-9-building-block-approach/ Investopedia. (2018). Downside Risk. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/downsiderisk.asp Perkins , M., Serafeim. (2012). How to become a sustainable company? MIT Sloan Management Review. The Hindu. (2016, March 24). Why Dilip Chhabria cant afford to customize his own cars. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/business/why-dilip-chhabria-cant-afford-to-customise-his-own-cars/article7989894.ece